Science Course Outline & Notes
The following is the outline of the science curriculum that I have developed, as mentioned elsewhere, primarily with reference to the text "Science for High School Students" that I used myself when I was a high school student in the late '60s. Each of the subject headings links to the course notes that I have prepared on the subject. Some sections are more original or complete than others, but I have tried to identify the many sources of the material in footnotes under the relevant items. I have not always been as good as I might have been in this respect, so if you encounter anything that seems incomplete, or requires a reference, please let me know.
For Physics and Chemistry modules, we are starting to work directly from the relevant text books. If I had known about them three years ago, I would probably have done this from the outset. I have still not found good introductory Biology or Geology texts, so that I still feel I need to extract the relevant material from the [advanced level] texts we are using for those subjects. It may simply be, however, that these were the two areas of science about which I knew least and I personally felt I needed to study these subjects, and make notes, before trying to teach them.
Clicking on the module numbers below will expand the sections into the individual components covered in the notes, which can be accessed by clicking on the respective module heading.
| 7.1.1.1 | Scientific Method |
| 7.1.1.2 | Frames of Reference |
| 7.1.1.2.1 | The Universe |
| 7.1.1.2.2 | Our Galaxy |
| 7.1.1.2.3 | Our Solar System |
| 7.1.1.2.4 | The Earth |
| 7.1.1.2.5 | Animal, Vegetable, Mineral |
| 7.1.1.2.6 | Atoms |
| 7.1.1.3 | Forces at Play |
| 7.1.1.3.1 | Gravitational Forces |
| 7.1.1.3.2 | Electromagnetic Forces |
| 7.1.1.3.3 | Nuclear Forces |
| 7.1.1.3.4 | The Unified Field Theory |
| 7.1.2.1 | The Southern Cross |
| 7.1.2.2 | Recording Star Trails |
| 7.1.2.2.1 | The Southern Cross |
| 7.1.2.2.2 | Orion |
| 7.1.2.2.3 | Sirius |
| 7.1.2.3 | Time and Clocks |
| 7.1.3.1 | The Planets |
| 7.1.3.2 | Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion |
| 7.1.3.2.1 | Kepler's First Law |
| 7.1.3.2.2 | Kepler's Second Law |
| 7.1.3.2.3 | Kepler's Third Law |
| 7.1.3.3 | The Four Seasons |
| 7.1.3.3.1 | The Reason for the Season |
| 7.1.3.3.2 | The Geography of the Earth |
| 7.1.3.3.3 | The Precession of the Equinox |
| 7.1.3.3.4 | Climatic Effects |
| 7.1.3.3.5 | Polar Day and Night |
| 7.1.3.3.6 | The Other Planets |
| 7.1.4.1 | The Moon's Orbit |
| 7.1.4.1.1 | Lunar Libration |
| 7.1.4.1.2 | The Far Side of the Moon |
| 7.1.4.1.3 | Double Planet Hypothesis |
| 7.1.4.2 | The Moon's Phases |
| 7.1.4.2.1 | How Do the Phases Get Their Names? |
| 7.1.4.3 | Eclipses |
| 7.1.4.3.1 | Lunar Eclipses |
| 7.1.4.3.2 | Solar Eclipses |
| 7.1.4.3.3 | Types of Solar Eclipse |
| 7.1.4.3.4 | Path of a Solar Eclipse |
| 7.1.4.3.5 | Frequency of Solar Eclipses |
| 7.1.4.3.6 | Summary |
| 7.1.4.4 | Tidal Forces |
| 7.1.4.4.1 | The Ocean Tides |
| 7.1.4.4.2 | Tidal Terminology |
| 7.1.4.4.3 | Timing |
| 7.1.4.4.4 | Tidal Physics |
| 7.1.4.4.5 | Tidal Amplitude and Cycle Time |
| 7.1.4.4.6 | Tidal Lag |
| 7.2.1.1 | Matter and its Measurement |
| 7.2.1.1.1 | Units of Measure |
| 7.2.1.1.2 | Scientific Notation |
| 7.2.1.2 | Exploring the Nature of Matter |
| 7.2.1.2.1 | States of Matter |
| 7.2.1.2.2 | Compressibility |
| 7.2.1.2.3 | Space-Filling Behaviour |
| 7.2.1.2.4 | Rate of Diffusion |
| 7.2.1.2.5 | Summary |
| 7.2.1.3 | The Particle Nature of Matter |
| 7.2.1.3.1 | The Particle Model and State Properties |
| 7.2.1.3.2 | Particle Motion and Temperature |
| 7.2.1.3.3 | Particle Size |
| 7.2.1.3.4 | Summary |
| 7.2.1.4 | Density |
| 7.2.1.4.1 | Flotation |
| 7.2.1.5 | Energy and its Measurement |
| 7.2.1.5.1 | Units of Energy |
| 7.2.1.6 | Kinds of Energy |
| 7.2.1.6.1 | Potential Energy |
| 7.2.1.6.2 | Kinetic Energy |
| 7.2.1.7 | Conservation of Energy |
| 7.2.2.1 | The Nature of Motion |
| 7.2.2.2 | Scalars and Vectors |
| 7.2.2.2.1 | Vector Analysis |
| 7.2.2.2.2 | Typical Applications of Vector Analysis |
| 7.2.2.3 | Speed |
| 7.2.2.3.1 | Uniform Speed |
| 7.2.2.3.2 | Average Speed |
| 7.2.2.3.3 | Instantaneous Speed |
| 7.2.2.4 | Velocity |
| 7.2.2.5 | Acceleration |
| 7.2.2.5.1 | The Nature of Acceleration |
| 7.2.2.6 | Equations of Motion |
| 7.2.2.7 | Dimensions of Quantities |
| 7.2.2.7.1 | Dimensional Analysis |
| 7.2.3.1 | Machines |
| 7.2.3.2 | Lever Systems |
| 7.2.3.2.1 | First Order Levers |
| 7.2.3.2.2 | Second Order Levers |
| 7.2.3.2.3 | Third Order Levers |
| 7.2.3.2.4 | Lever Order Mnemonic |
| 7.2.3.2.5 | Levers and Force |
| 7.2.3.3 | Moments |
| 7.2.3.3.1 | The Principle of Moments |
| 7.2.3.4 | Inclined Planes |
| 7.2.3.4.1 | The Screw Thread |
| 7.2.3.5 | Centre of Gravity |
| 7.2.3.6 | Mechanical Advantage |
| 7.2.3.7 | Velocity Ratio |
| 7.3.1.1 | Electric Charge |
| 7.3.1.1.1 | History |
| 7.3.1.1.2 | Elementary Observations |
| 7.3.1.1.3 | The Law of Attraction and Repulsion of Electric Charges |
| 7.3.1.1.4 | The Electroscope |
| 7.3.1.1.5 | Triboelectric Effects |
| 7.3.1.1.6 | The Law of Conservation of Charge |
| 7.3.1.1.7 | Electrostatic Induction |
| 7.3.1.1.8 | The Electrophorus |
| 7.3.1.1.9 | The Natural Unit of Charge |
| 7.3.1.2 | Coulomb's Law |
| 7.3.1.3 | Electric Fields |
| 7.3.1.4 | Electric Potential |
| 7.3.1.5 | Conductors and Insulators |
| 7.3.1.6 | Distribution of Charge |
| 7.3.1.6.1 | Effect of the Shape of a Conductor |
| 7.3.1.6.2 | Discharging Effect of Points |
| 7.3.1.7 | Static Electricity |
| 7.3.1.7.1 | Examples and Applications of Static Electricity |
| 7.4.1.1 | Living Things |
| 7.4.1.2 | Plants |
| 7.4.1.3 | Animals |
| 7.4.1.3.1 | Mammals |
| 7.4.1.4 | Variations on a Plan |
| 7.4.2.1 | Heat |
| 7.4.2.1.1 | Latent Heat |
| 7.4.2.1.2 | Heat Capacity and Specific Heat |
| 7.4.2.1.3 | Heat Transfer |
| 7.4.2.1.4 | Heat Absorption & Radiation |
| 7.4.2.1.5 | Thermal Expansion |
| 7.4.2.1.6 | Measuring Heat |
| 7.4.2.1.7 | Heat Appliances |
| 7.4.2.2 | Temperature |
| 7.4.2.2.1 | Temperature Scales |
| 7.4.2.2.2 | Thermometers |
| 7.4.3.1 | Solar Energy |
| 7.4.3.2 | Structure of the Atmosphere |
| 7.4.3.2.1 | Troposphere |
| 7.4.3.3 | Atmospheric Processes |
| 7.4.3.3.1 | Interactions - Atmosphere and Ocean |
| 7.4.3.3.2 | Convection in the Atmosphere |
| 7.4.3.3.3 | Coriolis Effect |
| 7.4.3.4 | Latitudinal Circulation Features |
| 7.4.3.4.1 | Hadley Cell |
| 7.4.3.4.2 | Polar cell |
| 7.4.3.4.3 | Ferrel cell |
| 7.4.3.5 | Longitudinal Circulation Features |
| 7.4.3.5.1 | Walker Circulation |
| 7.4.3.5.2 | El Niño - Southern Oscillation |
| 7.4.3.5.3 | Wider effects of El Niño conditions |
| 7.4.3.5.4 | Southern Oscillation Index |
| 7.4.3.6 | The Hydrologic Cycle |
| 7.4.3.6.1 | Precipitation and the Formation of Cloud |
| 7.4.3.6.2 | Cold Fronts |
| 7.4.3.6.3 | Warm Fronts |
| 7.4.3.7 | Cloud Classification |
| 7.4.3.7.1 | Cloud Names |
| 7.4.3.7.2 | Cloud Genera |
| 7.4.3.7.3 | Height, Altitude & Vertical Extent |
| 7.4.3.7.4 | Etages |
| 7.4.3.7.5 | Cloud Recognition |
| 7.4.3.8 | Atmospheric Pressure |
| 7.4.3.8.1 | The Weather Map |
| 7.4.3.9 | Weather Satellites |
| 7.4.3.9.1 | Geostationary Satellites |
| 7.4.3.9.2 | Polar Orbiting Satellites |
| 7.4.3.9.3 | Satellite Measurements |
| 8.1.1.1 | Source of Useful Materials |
| 8.1.1.2 | Separation of Materials |
| 8.1.1.2.1 | Sedimentation and Filtration |
| 8.1.1.2.2 | Solution |
| 8.1.1.2.3 | Crystallisation |
| 8.1.1.2.4 | Distillation |
| 8.1.1.2.5 | Osmosis |
| 8.1.1.2.6 | Froth Flotation |
| 8.1.1.2.7 | Magnetic Separation |
| 8.1.1.2.8 | Adsorption |
| 8.1.1.2.9 | Chromatography |
| 8.1.2.1 | Pure Substances |
| 8.1.2.1.1 | Decomposition |
| 8.1.2.2 | The Classification of Matter |
| 8.1.2.3 | Elements |
| 8.1.2.3.1 | The Relative Abundance of Elements |
| 8.1.2.4 | The Periodic Table of Elements |
| 8.1.3.1 | Spheres of Reference |
| 8.1.3.2 | The Structure of the Earth |
| 8.1.3.2.1 | Seismic Measurements |
| 8.1.3.2.2 | The Layers of the Earth |
| 8.1.3.3 | Plate Tectonics |
| 8.1.3.4 | Earthquakes |
| 8.1.3.4.1 | What are Earthquakes? |
| 8.1.3.4.2 | Types of Earthquakes |
| 8.1.3.4.3 | Measuring Earthquakes |
| 8.1.3.4.4 | Seismic Waves |
| 8.1.3.4.5 | Richter Magnitude Scale |
| 8.1.3.4.6 | Size and Frequency of Occurrence |
| 8.1.3.4.7 | Tsunami |
| 8.1.3.5 | Volcanoes |
| 8.1.3.5.1 | Composite Volcanoes |
| 8.1.3.5.2 | Cone Volcanoes |
| 8.1.3.5.3 | Shield Volcanoes |
| 8.1.3.5.4 | Calderas and Lava Domes |
| 8.1.3.5.5 | Geysers, Fumaroles and Hot Springs |
| 8.1.3.6 | Magma |
| 8.1.3.6.1 | Partial Melting |
| 8.1.3.6.2 | Heat |
| 8.1.3.6.3 | Pressure |
| 8.1.3.6.4 | Water |
| 8.1.3.6.5 | Composition of Magmas |
| 8.1.3.6.6 | Viscosity |
| 8.1.3.6.7 | Relative Abundance of Igneous Rock Types |
| 8.1.3.7 | Subterranean Volcanic Features |
| 8.1.3.7.1 | Major (Plutonic) Intrusions |
| 8.1.3.7.2 | Minor (Hypabyssal) Intrusions |
| 8.1.3.7.3 | Weathered Landforms |
| 8.1.3.8 | Distribution of Active Volcanoes and Seismic Activity |
| 8.1.3.8.1 | Volcanism at Plate Tectonic Boundaries |
| 8.2.1.1 | Igneous Rocks, |
| 8.2.1.1.1 | Classification |
| 8.2.1.1.2 | Intrusive Igneous Rocks |
| 8.2.1.1.3 | Extrusive Igneous Rocks |
| 8.2.1.2 | Minerals |
| 8.2.1.2.1 | Mineral Classification |
| 8.2.1.2.2 | Minerals and Rocks |
| 8.2.1.2.3 | Physical Properties of Minerals |
| 8.2.1.2.4 | Chemical properties of minerals |
| 8.2.2.1 | Weathering |
| 8.2.2.1.1 | Chemical Weathering |
| 8.2.2.1.2 | Physical Weathering |
| 8.2.2.2 | The Formation of Soil |
| 8.2.2.3 | Erosion |
| 8.2.2.3.1 | The Work of Running Water |
| 8.2.2.3.2 | Limestone Landforms |
| 8.2.2.3.3 | The Work of Wind and Running Water in Arid Areas |
| 8.2.2.3.4 | The Work of the Sea |
| 8.2.2.3.5 | The Work of Snow and Ice |
| 8.2.2.4 | Changing Loose Sediments into Rocks |
| 8.2.2.4.1 | The Transport and Deposition of Sediments |
| 8.2.2.4.2 | The Minerals of Sedimentary Rocks |
| 8.2.2.4.3 | Types of Sedimentary Rocks |
| 8.2.2.4.4 | Conditions of Deposition |
| 8.2.3.1 | Crustal Deformation |
| 8.2.3.1.1 | Describing the Orientation of Layers of Rock |
| 8.2.3.2 | Folded Structures |
| 8.2.3.2.1 | Elements of Folded Structures |
| 8.2.3.2.2 | Types of Folds |
| 8.2.3.2.3 | Fold Shapes |
| 8.2.3.2.4 | Fold Axis Orientation |
| 8.2.3.2 | Fault Structures |
| 8.2.3.3 | Joints |
| 8.2.3.4 | Unconformities |
| 8.2.3.4.1 | Nonconformity |
| 8.2.3.4.2 | Angular Unconformity |
| 8.2.3.4.3 | Disconformity |
| 8.2.3.4.4 | Capital Hill Unconformity |
| 8.2.3.5 | Structural Landforms |
| 8.2.3.5.1 | Folded Landforms |
| 8.2.3.5.2 | Faulted Landforms |
| 8.2.3.5.3 | Landforms in the Canberra Region |
| 8.2.3.6 | Changes in Sea Level |
| 8.3.1.1 | The Nature of Waves |
| 8.3.1.1.1 | Energy Transfer |
| 8.3.1.1.2 | What is a Wave? |
| 8.3.1.2 | Categories of Waves |
| 8.3.1.2.1 | Mechanical Waves |
| 8.3.1.2.2 | Transverse Waves |
| 8.3.1.2.3 | Longitudinal Waves |
| 8.3.1.2.4 | Surface Waves |
| 8.3.1.2.5 | Electromagnetic Waves |
| 8.3.1.3 | Characteristics of Waves |
| 8.3.1.3.1 | The Anatomy of a Wave |
| 8.3.1.3.2 | The Wave Equation |
| 8.3.1.4 | Behaviour of Waves |
| 8.3.1.4.1 | Rectilinear Propagation |
| 8.3.1.4.2 | Reflection |
| 8.3.1.4.3 | Refraction |
| 8.3.1.4.4 | Dispersion |
| 8.3.1.4.5 | Diffraction |
| 8.3.1.4.6 | Boundary Behaviour |
| 8.3.1.4.7 | Interference |
| 8.3.1.5 | The Doppler Effect |
| 8.3.1.5.1 | Shock Waves |
| 8.3.1.6 | Standing Waves |
| 8.3.1.6.1 | Travelling Waves vs. Standing Waves |
| 8.3.1.6.2 | Formation of Standing Waves |
| 8.3.1.6.3 | Nodes and Anti-nodes |
| 8.3.1.6.4 | Natural Vibration & Resonance |
| 8.3.2.1 | Sound Waves |
| 8.3.2.2 | Frequency and Pitch |
| 8.3.2.3 | Amplitude and Intensity |
| 8.3.2.4 | The Speed of Sound |
| 8.3.2.5 | Interference and Beat Patterns |
| 8.3.2.6 | Reflection, Refraction and Diffraction |
| 8.3.2.7 | The Human Ear |
| 8.3.3.1 | The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves |
| 8.3.3.1.1 | Electric and Magnetic Fields |
| 8.3.3.1.2 | Electromagnetic Waves |
| 8.3.3.1.3 | Speed of Electromagnetic Waves |
| 8.3.3.1.4 | The Electromagnetic Spectrum |
| 8.3.3.1.5 | Electromagnetic Wave Intensity |
| 8.3.3.2 | Wave-Particle Duality of Light |
| 8.3.3.3 | Light and Colour |
| 8.3.3.3.1 | Additive Colour Mixing |
| 8.3.3.3.2 | Subtractive Colour Mixing |
| 8.3.3.3.3 | Blue Skies and Red Sunsets |
| 8.3.3.4 | Plane Mirrors |
| 8.3.3.4.1 | Image Characteristics |
| 8.3.3.4.2 | Ray Diagrams |
| 8.3.3.5 | Spherical Mirrors |
| 8.3.3.5.1 | Properties of Spherical Mirrors |
| 8.3.3.5.2 | Ray Diagrams |
| 8.3.3.5.3 | Real and Virtual Images |
| 8.3.3.6 | Lenses |
| 8.3.3.6.1 | Types of Lenses |
| 8.3.3.6.2 | Ray Diagrams |
| 8.3.3.6.3 | Compound Lenses-Microscopes and Telescopes |
| 8.3.3.7 | The Human Eye |
| 8.3.3.7.1 | Eye Anatomy |
| 8.3.3.7.2 | The Eye's Response to Colour |
| 8.3.3.7.3 | Eye Function |
| 8.3.3.7.4 | Abnormalities in the Eye |
| 8.4.1.1 | Early History |
| 8.4.1.1.1 | Lavoisier's Law of Conservation of Mass |
| 8.4.1.1.2 | Proust's Law of Definite Proportions |
| 8.4.1.1.3 | Dalton's Law of Multiple Proportions |
| 8.4.1.2 | Dalton's Atomic Theory |
| 8.4.1.2.1 | Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Gas Volumes |
| 8.4.1.2.2 | Molecular Weights of Gases |
| 8.4.1.2.3 | Atomic Weights |
| 8.4.1.3 | Post-Dalton Refinement of the Atomic Theory |
| 8.4.1.3.1 | Ions |
| 8.4.1.3.2 | Isotopes |
| 8.4.1.3.3 | Electron Shells |
| 8.4.1.3.4 | Atomic Orbitals |
| 8.4.2.1 | Introduction to the Periodic Table |
| 8.4.2.2 | Naming Simple Compounds |
| 8.4.2.2.1 | Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I) |
| 8.4.2.2.2 | Formulae from Names |
| 8.4.2.2.3 | Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II) |
| 8.4.2.2.4 | Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions |
| 8.4.2.2.5 | Binary Covalent Compounds (Type III) |
| 8.4.2.2.6 | Acids |
| 8.4.2.3 | Naming Organic Compounds |
| 9.1.1.1 | Atomic Mass |
| 9.1.1.2 | The Mole |
| 9.1.1.3 | Molar Mass |
| 9.1.1.4 | Percent Composition of Compounds |
| 9.1.1.5 | Determining the Formula of a Compound |
| 9.1.1.5.1 | Empirical Formula |
| 9.1.1.5.2 | Molecular Formula |
| 9.1.1.6 | Chemical Equations |
| 9.1.1.6.1 | Chemical Reactions |
| 9.1.1.6.2 | The Meaning of a Chemical Equation |
| 9.1.1.6.3 | Valency and Formula Writing |
| 9.1.1.6.4 | Formulae Equations |
| 9.1.1.6.5 | Ionic Equations |
| 9.1.1.6.6 | Chemical Calculations |
| 9.1.1.7 | Balancing Chemical Equations |
| 9.1.1.8 | Stoichiometric Calculations |
| 9.1.1.9 | Calculations Involving a Limiting Reactant |
| 9.1.2.1 | Water, the Common Solvent |
| 9.1.2.2 | The Nature of Aqueous Solutions |
| 9.1.2.2.1 | Strong Electrolytes |
| 9.1.2.2.2 | Weak Electrolytes |
| 9.1.2.2.3 | Nonelectrolytes |
| 9.1.2.3 | The Composition of Solutions |
| 9.1.2.3.1 | Dilution |
| 9.1.2.4 | Types of Chemical Reactions |
| 9.1.2.4.1 | Precipitation Reactions |
| 9.1.2.4.2 | Acid-Base Reactions |
| 9.1.2.4.3 | Oxidation-Reduction Reactions |
| 9.2.1.1 | Force |
| 9.2.1.1.1 | Friction |
| 9.2.1.2 | Newton's First Law of Motion |
| 9.2.1.2.1 | Inertia |
| 9.2.1.2.2 | Equilibrium |
| 9.2.1.3 | Newton's Second Law of Motion |
| 9.2.1.4 | Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation |
| 9.2.1.4.1 | The Cavendish Experiment |
| 9.2.1.4.2 | Weight and the Gravitational Force |
| 9.2.1.4.3 | Freely Falling Bodies |
| 9.2.1.5 | Newton's Third Law of Motion |
| 9.2.1.6 | Momentum |
| 9.2.1.6.1 | The Nature of Momentum |
| 9.2.1.6.2 | The Conservation of Momentum |
| 9.2.1.6.3 | Collisions |
| 9.3.1.1 | Work |
| 9.3.1.2 | Potential Energy |
| 9.3.1.2.1 | Gravitational Potential Energy |
| 9.3.1.2.2 | Elastic Potential Energy |
| 9.3.1.3 | Kinetic Energy |
| 9.3.1.4 | Simple Machines |
| 9.3.1.5 | Conservation of Energy |
| 9.3.1.6 | Power |
| 9.4.1.1 | Kinetic Energy in Rotational Motion |
| 9.4.1.2 | Angular Momentum |
| 9.4.1.3 | Work in Rotational Motion |
| 9.4.1.4 | Power in Rotational Motion |
| 9.4.1.5 | Spinning Objects and Gyroscopes |
| 9.4.2.2 | The Earth's Atmosphere |
| 9.4.2.2.1 | Atmospheric Pressure |
| 9.4.2.2.2 | Measuring Air Pressure |
| 9.4.2.2.3 | Air Resistance |
| 9.4.2.3 | Effects of Forces between Particles |
| 9.4.2.4 | Pressure in Liquids |
| 9.4.2.5 | Pressure Due to Solids |
| 10.1.1.1 | Cell Structure |
| 10.1.1.1.1 | Cell Types |
| 10.1.1.1.2 | Eukaryotic Cell Structures |
| 10.1.1.2 | Cell Function |
| 10.1.1.2.1 | Membrane Structure |
| 10.1.1.2.2 | Membrane Function |
| 10.1.1.2.3 | Cell Metabolism |
| 10.1.1.2.4 | Cellular Respiration |
| 10.1.1.2.5 | Photosynthesis |
| 10.1.1.3 | The Cell Cycle |
| 10.1.1.3.1 | Chromosome Replication |
| 10.1.1.3.2 | Phases of the Cell Cycle |
| 10.1.1.3.3 | The Cell Cycle Control System |
| 10.1.1.3.4 | Growth and Differentiation |
| 10.1.1.4 | Organism Classification |
| 10.1.1.4.1 | Previous Taxonomic Systems |
| 10.1.1.4.2 | The Three Domains of Life |
| 10.1.1.4.3 | Reconstructing the Tree of Life |
| 10.1.2.1 | Protection from the Environment-The Integumentary System |
| | The Epidermis |
| | The Dermis (Cutis) |
| | The Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer) |
| 10.1.2.2 | Movement |
| 10.1.2.2.1 | The Skeleton |
| 10.1.2.2.2 | Joints |
| 10.1.2.2.3 | Muscles |
| 10.1.2.3 | Coordination |
| 10.1.2.3.1 | Nervous Coordination-The Nervous System |
| | The Central Nervous System |
| | The Peripheral Nervous System |
| 10.1.2.3.2 | Organs of Special Sense |
| | The Eye |
| | The Ear |
| | The Skin |
| | The Nasal Cavity and the Tongue |
| 10.1.2.3.3 | Chemical Coordination-The Endocrine System |
| | The Endocrine Glands |
| 10.1.2.4 | Transporting Chemicals |
| 10.1.2.4.1 | The Cardiovascular System |
| | Blood Groups |
| 10.1.2.4.2 | The Lymphatic System |
| | Function of the Spleen |
| | Function of the Thymus |
| | Function of the fatty acid transport system |
| | Immune Response |
| 10.1.2.5 | Respiration |
| 10.1.2.6 | Food an Nutrition |
| 10.1.2.6.1 | Digestion |
| 10.1.2.6.2 | Absorption of Food |
| 10.1.2.7 | Excretion |
| 10.1.2.8 | Reproduction |
| 10.1.2.9 | Inheritance and Growth |
| 10.1.3.1 | Environment |
| 10.1.3.2 | Relations between Plants and Animals |
| 10.1.3.3 | Cycles of Raw Materials |
| 10.1.3.3.1 | The Water Cycle |
| 10.1.3.3.2 | The Carbon and Oxygen Cycle |
| 10.1.3.3.3 | The Nitrogen Cycle |
| 10.1.3.3.4 | The Cycle of Essential Elements |
| 10.1.3.4 | Communities |
| 10.1.3.4.1 | The Sea |
| 10.1.3.4.2 | Rock Pool on a Marine Platform |
| 10.1.3.4.3 | Stagnant Pool in a Freshwater Creek |
| 10.1.3.4.4 | An Australian Paddock |
| 10.1.3.5 | Man's Influence on His Environment |
| 10.1.3.6 | Problems of the Future |
| 10.2.1.1 | The Nature of Energy |
| 10.2.1.2 | Temperature and Heat |
| 10.2.1.3 | Exothermic and Endothermic Processes |
| 10.2.1.4 | Thermodynamics |
| 10.2.1.5 | Measuring Energy Changes |
| 10.2.1.6 | Thermochemistry (Enthalpy) |
| 10.2.1.6.1 | Calorimetry |
| 10.2.1.7 | Hess’s Law |
| 10.2.1.7.1 | Characteristics of Enthalpy Changes |
| 10.2.1.7.2 | Applying Hess's Law |
| 10.2.1.8 | Entropy |
| 10.2.2.1 | Pressure |
| 10.2.2.1.1 | Unit of Pressure |
| 10.2.2.2 | Boyle’s Law |
| 10.2.2.3 | Charles’s Law |
| 10.2.2.4 | Avogadro’s Law |
| 10.2.2.5 | The Ideal Gas Law |
| 10.2.2.6 | Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures |
| 10.2.2.7 | The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases |
| 10.2.2.7.1 | The Implications of the Kinetic Molecular Theory |
| 10.2.2.8 | Gas Stoichiometry |
| 10.2.3.1 | Water and Its Phase Changes |
| 10.2.3.1.1 | Energy Requirements for the Changes of State |
| 10.2.3.2 | Intermolecular Forces |
| 10.2.3.3 | Evaporation and Vapour Pressure |
| 10.2.3.4 | The Solid State: Types of Solid |
| 10.2.3.4.1 | Bonding in Solids |
| 10.2.4.1 | Acids and Bases |
| 10.2.4.2 | Acid Strength |
| 10.2.4.3 | Water as an Acid and a Base |
| 10.2.4.4 | The pH Scale |
| 10.2.4.5 | Calculating the pH of Strong Acid Solutions |
| 10.2.4.6 | Buffered Solutions |
| 10.3.1.1 | Electric Forces and Fields |
| 10.3.1.1.1 | Electric Charge |
| 10.3.1.1.2 | Electric Force |
| 10.3.1.1.3 | The Electric Field |
| 10.3.1.2 | Electrical Energy and Capacitance |
| 10.3.1.2.1 | Electrical Potential Energy |
| 10.3.1.2.2 | Potential Difference |
| 10.3.1.2.3 | Capacitance |
| 10.3.1.3 | Current and Resistance |
| 10.3.1.3.1 | Electric current |
| 10.3.1.3.2 | Resistance |
| 10.3.1.3.3 | Electric Power |
| 10.3.1.4 | Circuits and Circuit Elements |
| 10.3.1.4.1 | Schematic Diagrams and Circuits |
| 10.3.1.4.2 | Resistors in Series or in Parallel |
| 10.3.1.4.3 | Resistors in Compound Circuits |
| 10.4.1.1 | Magnets and Magnetic Fields |
| 10.4.1.2 | Electromagnetism and Magnetic Domains |
| 10.4.1.3 | Magnetic Force |
| 10.4.1.4 | Induced Current |
| 10.4.1.4.1 | Magnetic Fields and Induced EMFs |
| 10.4.1.4.2 | Characteristics of Induced Current |
